Perspective:
Successful survey research within a municipal setting is challenging
There are numerous aspects which must be considered when embarking on survey research within your community. Here are a few:
| 6. Broad to narrow topics |
2. Clearly stated research objectives – they set the direction | 7. Be mindful of their time – and future participation |
| 8. Use the best tools possible |
| 9. Know your data – what it says and can’t say |
| 10. Reach out to a professional researcher for a quick review |
The Potholes
Small potholes can bump us around, larger potholes can throw our cars' alignment off and BIG POTHOLES can swallow our car whole!
Avoiding Survey Potholes
Conducting survey research is a discipline and is learned over many years of practice. Unfortunately, you can't read a book that teaches you all the scenarios, and how to formulate and structure questions and proper survey design. Nor can any of the survey software - DIY or otherwise - ensure your survey's success.
The W Group's Survey Potholes series was created to showcase how you can avoid some of the most common survey potholes.
Survey Pothole Number | Brief Description | |
Why are we doing this series? | ||
Using question numbers is just noise | ||
Why do we call them Potholes? | ||
Where do these surveys come from - are they real? | ||
Basic Questions/ Structure/ Language | ||
Starting surveys with an open-ended question is a response killer. | ||
Double whammy. An open-ended question so early in the survey coupled with asking residents to imagine a future state. You’re skewing respondents to a very narrow audience group | ||
The style of question used limits the value of the insights collected. | ||
Triple-barreled questions provide unclear results | ||
Asking respondents if they have heard of something before | ||
The use of clear language is critical | ||
Poor application of a matrix question which asks respondents to oppose or support three principles in one. | ||
Double Whammy - Poor question structure and poor use of language | ||
Using a scale and then breaking out responses at the next level adds a lot of insights and value | ||
Mixing scales can lead to less than clear results. | ||
Use of a sufficient number of open-ended questions | ||
Asking “most frequent” and then letting respondents select as many responses as they want will give you false data. | ||
Estimating 5 to 10 minutes to complete the survey could be off-putting to residents. | ||
The less complex language the better the results | ||
Asking an open-ended question too early without context | ||
Wording is so critically important when you're conducting survey research | ||
Being explicit with language an item - educate respondents on what options mean | ||
Reversing the negative to positive or positive to negative scales/response options within a survey can confuse people and create response errors | ||
It would be great to gauge how often respondents use the website. Are frequent users happier or less? | ||
Using balanced scales is important | ||
Comments should be asked as a complementary option | ||
Narrative | ||
Repeating the same introduction multiple times causes frustration and survey fatigue right up front. | ||
Badly worded introduction without a clear question or next step | ||
Not providing enough context | ||
Asking questions that you know what the answers are going to be - dig deeper - fire versus bylaw services | ||
Asking residents to commit to specific behaviour at an event seems outside the bounds of survey research | ||
Being too granular without providing enough information. | ||
Being too broad-based doesn't get you any meaningful results. | ||
Measuring awareness but skewing results by providing information some respondents may read while others will not read | ||
Single-opened question - does it speak of positive intent does it build trust | ||
Logic | ||
Progress bars are meant to encourage you to complete surveys & give you a sense of how far you've come in the survey | ||
Use logic to only ask questions relevant to the respondent | ||
Let’s be considerate of the respondents' time. | ||
Be considerate of respondents' time | ||
Let's get as much data as possible - breaking out four specifics into a matrix | ||
Let’s get logical The second question seemed redundant when the first question announced it was the first time voting by mail was allowed. | ||
Addressing the possible NIMBY effect in the survey topic. | ||
Images | ||
Images without legends are just pretty pictures and don’t provide any content. | ||
Demographics | ||
Demographic questions at the beginning of the survey are never a best practice | ||
Allowing respondents to skip demographic questions | ||
Finite age categories don't serve any purpose | ||
Logical group questions especially demographic questions | ||
Finite income categories and not specifying whether it is personal pre or post-tax or household pre or post-tax | ||
Using skip logic to bypass questions that are not required | ||
Closed-ended questions are far easier to tabulate | ||
Asking for demographics at the beginning of a survey is never a best practice (unless you need the information to guide certain respondents) | ||
If you are going to ask one category - it's almost as quick to ask a full range and get deeper insights | ||
Mutually exclusive and exhaustive response options are critical for accurate data | ||
Privacy/ Trust | ||
Asking for personal information without any reason or FOIPPA statement is potentially damaging to the municipality's trust with residents. | ||
#537 | Beginning a survey by asking the respondent’s name will dissuade participation. | |
Promotion/ Invitation/ Incentives | ||
If no one knows about your prize draw, it's not an incentive for anyone to complete your survey |
Helpful Tips
As we mentioned, conducting survey research is a discipline and is learned over many years of practice. While there isn't a book that can teach you all the scenarios we have prepared the following Tip Lists to guide you along your way.
The Tip Lists:
The W Group has prepared the following as general guidelines on how to develop, design and deliver successful municipal survey research projects:
- Clear Purpose
- Specificity
- Measurability
- Relevance
- Feasibility
- Timeframe
- Conciseness
- Prioritization
- Ethical Considerations
- Connection to Decision-Making
- Flexibility
To maximize responses use a clear and consistent structure such as the example below:
- Descriptive, engaging survey title
- Relevant Image
- Short introduction - tell them why they should do the survey
- First question - Closed-ended, relevant and engaging
- Alternate Information/Question
- Open-ended questions
- Demographics at the end - ask no more than you need to have to validate respondents and do cross-tabulations. Move from less sensitive to most sensitive. Include the "I prefer to not respond" option.
And few more things to keep in mind:
- Provide a clear path through the survey - Don't Cram for the Exam
- Length of Survey - Be careful
- Survey Close Date - A Big Snooze Button
- Privacy Statement
- Technical Support
The design of the questionnaire influences the number of responses you will receive more than any factor. Here are some best practice principles:
- Flow, Flow, Flow
- Mobile-Friendly Design
- Clear and Compelling Introduction
- Engage respondents quickly
- Incentivise - when appropriate
- Include clear visuals related to the survey
- Inform and educate when needed
- Structuring the questionnaire from broad topics to more focused topics
- Don't use question numbers - they are just noise
- Using survey logic to streamline the path through the survey
- Introduce the progress bar after the 50% mark
- Label sections - Flow
- Use an incentive reminder if the survey is longer
- Using a consistent questionnaire design/format
- Utilize a Community Engagement Research Panel - as it provides a higher level of commitment to completing surveys
- When you use images ensure they tell a complete story
- Use mandatory questions with the option to not respond.
Here are some solid principles to keep in mind when you are developing your survey questions:
- Use Valid and Reliable Questions
- Avoid Leading Questions
- Minimize Response Bias
- Use Randomization of Response Options
- Include Open-Ended Questions
- Avoid Jargon
- Vary Question Format & Style
- Fully Lable Scales
- Balance Scales
- Use mutually exclusive yet exhaustive response options
- Avoid ranking questions
- Use images when appropriate
- Use standardized demographic questions across the City

